How to Perform Compression-Only CPR and Its Effectiveness

Cardiac arrest can happen to anyone, anywhere, at any time. Knowing how to perform compression-only CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) can make a significant difference in saving a life. This blog post will guide you through the basic steps of providing compression-only CPR, the force needed for effective compressions, and the effectiveness of this life-saving technique.

Basic Steps to Provide Compression-Only CPR

Compression-only CPR, also known as hands-only CPR, is a simplified version of traditional CPR that focuses solely on chest compressions. Here are the steps:

1. Check the Scene and the Person:
   • Ensure the area is safe for you and the victim.
   • Check if the person is responsive and breathing normally. If not, proceed with CPR.
2. Call for Help:
   • Dial 911 or ask someone nearby to call for emergency medical services.
3. Position Your Hands:
   • Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest, between the nipples.
   • Place your other hand on top of the first hand, interlocking your fingers.
4. Perform Chest Compressions:
   • Position your shoulders directly over your hands and keep your elbows straight.
   • Use your body weight to push hard and fast, compressing the chest at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep.
   • Aim for a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
   • Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
5. Continue Until Help Arrives:
   • Keep performing compressions until emergency medical personnel take over or the person shows signs of life.

Force Needed for Effective Compressions

To achieve the necessary compression depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) in an adult male, a force of approximately 100 to 125 pounds (45 to 57 kg) is typically required¹. This force ensures that the chest compressions are effective in maintaining blood flow to vital organs.

Effectiveness of Compression-Only CPR

Compression-only CPR has been shown to be highly effective, especially in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Here are some key points:

• Survival Rates: Studies have demonstrated that compression-only CPR can be as effective as traditional CPR with rescue breaths in improving survival rates².
• Neurological Outcomes: Patients who receive compression-only CPR often have better neurological outcomes compared to those who receive no CPR at all².
• Bystander Willingness: Compression-only CPR is easier to perform and remember, increasing the likelihood that bystanders will take action in an emergency³.

Graphs Showing Effectiveness

Below are some graphs illustrating the effectiveness of compression-only CPR:

!Neurological Outcomes Graph 2: Neurological outcomes of patients receiving compression-only CPR vs. no CPR.

Conclusion

Compression-only CPR is a simple yet powerful technique that can save lives. By understanding the basic steps and the force needed for effective compressions, you can be prepared to act in an emergency. Remember, your actions can make a critical difference.